Most Portland cement is produced in a rotary kiln. Basically, this can be a long cylinder rotating about its axis once every single minute or two. The axis is inclined at a slight angle, the end using the burner being lower.
The rotation causes the raw meal to gradually pass along from exactly where it enters at the cool finish, to the hot finish exactly where it eventually drops out and cools. They had been introduced inside the 1890s and became widespread in the early component in the 20th century and were an excellent improvement on the earlier shaft kilns, giving continuous production along with a a lot more uniform item in bigger quantities.
Wet process kilns
The original rotary cement kilns were referred to as ‘wet process’ kilns. In their simple form they were fairly very simple compared with modern day developments. The raw meal was supplied at ambient temperature within the type of a slurry.
A wet method kiln may well be as much as 200m extended and 6m in diameter. It has to become extended due to the fact a lot of water has to become evaporated as well as the procedure of heat transfer is not pretty effective.
The slurry may possibly include about 40% water. This takes many energy to evaporate and a variety of developments with the wet method had been aimed at lowering the water content material of the raw meal. An example of this is the ‘filter press’ (picture a musical accordion 10-20 metres lengthy and a number of metres across) – such adaptions had been described as ‘semi-wet’ processes.
The wet procedure has survived for more than a century simply because lots of raw materials are suited to blending as a slurry. Also, for lots of years, it was technically hard to acquire dry powders to blend adequately.
Quite some wet process kilns are nevertheless in operation, generally now with higher-tech bits bolted on. Even so, new cement kilns are of the ‘dry process’ sort.
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